Remote IOT Sensor monitoring via MQTT and InfluxDB

工作流概述

这是一个包含6个节点的中等工作流,主要用于自动化处理各种任务。

工作流源代码

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{
  "id": "6pOGYw5O3iOY1Gc6",
  "meta": {
    "instanceId": "7221598654c32899e94731aab144bdcd338735c2ac218dc0873131caa0be0ef8",
    "templateCredsSetupCompleted": true
  },
  "name": "Remote IOT Sensor monitoring via MQTT and InfluxDB",
  "tags": [],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "4997f226-f236-4d27-bea4-904744d9ff07",
      "name": "Sticky Note",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        -700,
        -360
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 340,
        "height": 120,
        "content": "MQTT trigger subscribed to a topic called wokwi-weather via a Mosquitto MQTT broker. The trigger receives the temperature and humidity payloads from a DHT22 sensor connected to a remote ESP32 microcontroller "
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "9d4f1da6-fda3-4312-a6b1-bd0ac499dde7",
      "name": "Sticky Note1",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        -240,
        -360
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "height": 100,
        "content": "Javascript code to extract the temperature and humidity values to ensure correct JSON format for the database"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "d8f01dba-5019-457e-8c1a-99c802282fdf",
      "name": "Sticky Note3",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.stickyNote",
      "position": [
        140,
        -360
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "width": 260,
        "height": 120,
        "content": "HTTP request node posts temperature and humidity data from the DHT22 sensor to the InfluxDB data bucket running on a local host http://localhost:8086"
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "020858a6-7771-4322-8eb6-b83e99b3563d",
      "name": "Remote Sensor MQTT Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.mqttTrigger",
      "position": [
        -580,
        -220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "topics": "wokwi-weather",
        "options": {}
      },
      "credentials": {
        "mqtt": {
          "id": "xtd75tjk1hKlQOba",
          "name": "MQTT account"
        }
      },
      "typeVersion": 1
    },
    {
      "id": "51e6f59f-9b93-4121-8db4-7f47b929fdf5",
      "name": "Data ingest to InfluxDB bucket",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "position": [
        200,
        -220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "url": "http://localhost:8086/api/v2/write?orgID=<Organization ID>&bucket=<InfluxDB bucket name>&precision=s",
        "body": "={{ $json.payload }}",
        "method": "POST",
        "options": {},
        "sendBody": true,
        "contentType": "raw",
        "sendHeaders": true,
        "headerParameters": {
          "parameters": [
            {
              "name": "Authorization",
              "value": "Token  <API Token value generated in InfluxDB>"
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "notesInFlow": true,
      "typeVersion": 4.2
    },
    {
      "id": "6abe1212-b128-492f-b485-401a4315fcbc",
      "name": "Payload data preparation node",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
      "position": [
        -180,
        -220
      ],
      "parameters": {
        "jsCode": "// Try to parse the incoming message as JSON
let data;
try {
  data = JSON.parse($json.message); // $json.message is expected to be a JSON string
} catch (e) {
  // If parsing fails, throw an error
  throw new Error(\"Invalid JSON in MQTT message\");
}

// Get the topic from the input, or use a default value
const topic = $json.topic || \"unknown-topic\";

// Make sure humidity and temp are numbers
if (typeof data.humidity !== \"number\" || typeof data.temp !== \"number\") {
  throw new Error(\"Missing or invalid humidity/temp in MQTT message\");
}

// Create a formatted string like: \"topic_name humidity=45,temp=22\"
const line = `${topic} humidity=${data.humidity},temp=${data.temp}`;

// Return the result in the expected format
return [
  {
    json: {
      payload: line
    }
  }
];"
      },
      "typeVersion": 2
    }
  ],
  "active": false,
  "pinData": {},
  "settings": {
    "executionOrder": "v1"
  },
  "versionId": "d1311dca-5edf-4f14-86b9-629937cd3416",
  "connections": {
    "Remote Sensor MQTT Trigger": {
      "main": [
        [
          {
            "node": "Payload data preparation node",
            "type": "main",
            "index": 0
          }
        ]
      ]
    },
    "Payload data preparation node": {
      "main": [
        [
          {
            "node": "Data ingest to InfluxDB bucket",
            "type": "main",
            "index": 0
          }
        ]
      ]
    }
  }
}

功能特点

  • 自动检测新邮件
  • AI智能内容分析
  • 自定义分类规则
  • 批量处理能力
  • 详细的处理日志

技术分析

节点类型及作用

  • Stickynote
  • Mqtttrigger
  • Httprequest
  • Code

复杂度评估

配置难度:
★★★☆☆
维护难度:
★★☆☆☆
扩展性:
★★★★☆

实施指南

前置条件

  • 有效的Gmail账户
  • n8n平台访问权限
  • Google API凭证
  • AI分类服务订阅

配置步骤

  1. 在n8n中导入工作流JSON文件
  2. 配置Gmail节点的认证信息
  3. 设置AI分类器的API密钥
  4. 自定义分类规则和标签映射
  5. 测试工作流执行
  6. 配置定时触发器(可选)

关键参数

参数名称 默认值 说明
maxEmails 50 单次处理的最大邮件数量
confidenceThreshold 0.8 分类置信度阈值
autoLabel true 是否自动添加标签

最佳实践

优化建议

  • 定期更新AI分类模型以提高准确性
  • 根据邮件量调整处理批次大小
  • 设置合理的分类置信度阈值
  • 定期清理过期的分类规则

安全注意事项

  • 妥善保管API密钥和认证信息
  • 限制工作流的访问权限
  • 定期审查处理日志
  • 启用双因素认证保护Gmail账户

性能优化

  • 使用增量处理减少重复工作
  • 缓存频繁访问的数据
  • 并行处理多个邮件分类任务
  • 监控系统资源使用情况

故障排除

常见问题

邮件未被正确分类

检查AI分类器的置信度阈值设置,适当降低阈值或更新训练数据。

Gmail认证失败

确认Google API凭证有效且具有正确的权限范围,重新进行OAuth授权。

调试技巧

  • 启用详细日志记录查看每个步骤的执行情况
  • 使用测试邮件验证分类逻辑
  • 检查网络连接和API服务状态
  • 逐步执行工作流定位问题节点

错误处理

工作流包含以下错误处理机制:

  • 网络超时自动重试(最多3次)
  • API错误记录和告警
  • 处理失败邮件的隔离机制
  • 异常情况下的回滚操作